A new page on our wiki collects funding opportunities for graduate study. We’ve got the big fellowships (NASA GSRP and NSF GRF), predoctoral programs at observatories, and travel grants for grad students to attend conferences. What are we missing? Please speak up in the comments!
NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) like the GRF but you don’t have to be associated with a NASA institute – has separate fellowships for planetary science and astronomy http://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?method=init&solId={6803E463-A6EF-3164-F103-A1E4178E430D}&path=closed
Space Grant was always useful for some travel money and its usually on a state by state basis so depending on your state, it can be pretty easy to get:
http://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/programs/national/spacegrant/home/index.html
I’ll second checking out Space Grant; in Delaware, there are Space Grant graduate student fellowships and undergraduate tuition awards too.
NASA Harriett G. Jenkins Predoctoral Fellowship:
http://www.uncfsp.org/jpfp
Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellowships: http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/FordFellowships/PGA_047958
Ford Foundation Dissertation Fellowships:
http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/FordFellowships/PGA_047959
DOE Computational Science Fellowships (for theorists):
http://www.krellinst.org/csgf/
Some institutions offer an NSF GK-12 fellowship that supports graduate study and gives students teaching experience in K-12 classrooms (Of course, latest news is that this program is being cut, so this may not be true for much longer)
http://www.gk12.org/
NRAO offers awards up to $35,000 with successful proposals to any of their facilities which are intended to support a graduate student for a year, including up to $3000 for travel and computer hardware (award does not cover tuition).
http://science.nrao.edu/opportunities/sos.shtml
Thanks guys! All those have been added. What else?